How does the pH of e-liquid affect the human body?

Questions about the safety and health risks of nicotine salts have been the focus of debate within and outside the vape industry. Compared with traditional nicotine, nicotine salt is a relatively new technology, and the actual application time is less than 3 years. Therefore, both in the industry and outside the industry, there are many doubts about the lack of research data on nicotine salt. Nicotine Whether salt is good or bad has always had a different voice.

After a lot of investigation and data collection, the new forces did not find long-term clinical nicotine salt research, and there were not many new experiments conducted by third-party research institutions. Most of the research theories on health risks still revolve around routine Nicotine e-liquid.

Although the new forces did not find the relevant information they wanted, it was a bit discouraged, but we also found some interesting information in the investigation-that the spices in e-liquid can affect the rate of nicotine absorption by the body, and the nicotine salt vape The satisfaction is no less than that of cigarettes.

These studies not only explain the relationship between flavoured vape and adolescent addiction, they can even explain why experts oppose flavouring bans.

First is the first research report entitled "A randomised, open-label, cross-over clinical study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of cigarettes and vapes with nicotine salt formulations in US adult smokers." For the study, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of nicotine vape in adult American smokers was evaluated.

The sponsors of this study are Imperial Tobacco and Sile. The purpose is to determine whether vape containing "nicotine salt" can improve smoker satisfaction by improving the way nicotine is transported in the blood and other sensory characteristics. The following is a summary of the study:

Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic characteristics and subjective effects of two nicotine vape devices (My blu, blu PRO) in the study. These vape devices have different concentrations of nicotine salt e- compared to traditional e-liquid.

The researchers conducted a randomized, open-label, and crossover clinical study in 15 healthy adult smokers in the United States. The study subjects continuously used Imperial brand cigarettes and five different concentrations of nicotine salt vape for several days, while evaluating the pharmacokinetics, subjective effects, and tolerance of nicotine in plasma.

Studies have found that nicotine salts are absorbed into the blood at a rate comparable to all tested products and as fast as regular cigarette products. However, under no circumstances did vape deliver more nicotine than conventional cigarettes. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of nicotine salt release also depend on the characteristics of the device. So, after trying vape, many people feel "not enough" or they always feel "what a bit".

After smoking cigarettes, 40mg of myblu nicotine salt vape was used. The subjective score was the highest. After using all of the tested vapes, the rise in nicotine levels in the blood was quantified as "a bit" to "moderate" to ease the desire for nicotine addiction. In addition, all products were well tolerated and no significant adverse events occurred.

These results therefore show that although the actual nicotine delivery of vape is less than that of regular cigarettes, the use of nicotine salt can pass through the lungs to mimic traditional smoking, thereby reducing the need for smoking.

The study was published in an academic paper in the Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. The study was conducted by the American Academy of Science and Engineering, the Institute of Health and Medical Research Co-authored by the Health Impact Review Committee. The summary is as follows:

Nicotine is a weak base with a pKa of 8.5. The absorption and excretion of nicotine by the kidneys are highly dependent on the pH of the substance. In an acidic environment, nicotine is in a protonated, charged state, so it does not quickly pass through the cell membrane. For example, the pH of flue-cured tobacco (the most common form) is 5.5 to 6.0, which results in nicotine predominantly in protonated form. Studies have shown that very little nicotine is absorbed from flue-cured tobacco.

On the other hand, the tobacco leaf, which is mainly used in pipes and cigars, has a pH of 6.5 or higher, resulting in a higher proportion of aprotic nicotine and absorption in the mouth.

Studies in 1997 and 2001 have shown that the protonated free base nicotine is more volatile and absorbed, and increases with increasing pH. Given its high volatility, flammable cigarette smoke is thought to cause more free base nicotine deposition in the mouth and throat. Although free base nicotine is also absorbed in the mouth and upper respiratory tract, this absorption into the bloodstream is slower than in the lungs. In addition, because nicotine may activate the nerves around the throat, the deposition of nicotine in the mouth and throat causes a greater sensory effect (commonly known as a throbbing sensation).

The pH in e-liquid and its effect on nicotine absorption and pharmacological effects have not been extensively studied. According to the definition of pH value, pH is related to aqueous solution (using water as solvent). To measure the apparent pH of e-liquid with propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol as solvents, first e-liquid was dissolved in a known amount of deionized water, and the change in pH was measured over a period of time.

Using this method, it was found that the pH of the test liquid samples ranged from 5.1 to 9.1. There is a positive correlation between pH and e-liquid nicotine concentration. Interestingly, the pH value tested in this laboratory-prepared e-liquid sample was stronger than the commercial vape product (commercially available e-liquid), indicating that the flavoring additive has a potential effect on pH .

According to the results of the 2015 research report, the pH value of the cartridges from three brands with different nicotine concentrations was 7.4 to 9.7. This study found that the distribution of nicotine between the unprotonated and protonated states of nicotine in e-liquid and aerosols varies widely. It is found that unprotonated nicotine accounts for 18 to 95% of the total nicotine content, depending on the product and pH involved.

Based on the high consistency between the measured and predicted values of the protonated nicotine content in the e-liquid liquid prepared in the laboratory, and the poor protonation consistency in the commercially available e-liquid, the study concluded a view- ─ Flavoring agents added to commercially available e-liquid may affect nicotine delivery.

Because nicotine is distributed in pro- and aprotic forms in e-liquid and aerosols, it is important to understand how this change affects nicotine deposition, absorption, systemic exposure, and sensory effects in the mouth.

This study is not a systematic study of the effects of pH, but shows that the potential effects of flavoring agents can affect pH. For a clearer answer, a more comprehensive systematic study of the pharmacological effects of vape products is needed.

According to the information collected so far, although nicotine salt vape can effectively replace the satisfaction that traditional cigarettes bring, and flavored vape can play a role in human absorption, it is also relatively more likely to cause addiction in young people.

Of course, banning the use of vape for minors is inherently an obligation, and the benefit of these studies is to confirm the "conversion effect of nicotine salt vape on traditional smokers" and "flavoring will affect the pH of e-liquid products". Therefore, the new forces hope that these research results will have a positive and positive impact on the industry, including enabling practitioners and experts in the vape industry to be more confident in technological breakthroughs, increasing research on nicotine salts, and ultimately, Adult smokers provide a new tobacco product that has lower health risks and can effectively replace traditional cigarettes.

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